About one in four adults in the U.S. has had lower-back pain lasting an entire day in the last three months, which may explain why it has been rated the fifth most common reason people go to a doctor. Most often, no related structural cause of lower-back pain is identified.
Not all lower-back pain is alike, but it can be classified into subtypes in order to help doctors reach a diagnosis and determine treatment. In our survey of more than 14,000 people with such pain, we focused on the three most common types, excluding a small group who said the cause of lower-back pain was associated with vertebral infection, fracture, or cancer.
About half of our survey respondents fell into the "nonspecific" category—meaning that the exact cause of lower-back pain was
often difficult to determine from a physical exam or even diagnostic testing. However, it's most commonly due to muscle strain,
muscle spasm, or ligament sprain, and may also arise from osteoarthritis or from a contained (nonslipped) disk that presses
on a nerve. In our survey, almost half of the people with this type of pain said they had never consulted a professional about
the problem.| Description | Includes muscle strain, muscle spasm, ligament sprain, osteoarthritis, joint irritation, contained (non-herniated) disk lesions, degenerative changes |
|---|---|
| Hallmark | Usually limited to the lower back |
| Sensory/motor symptoms | Absence of numbness, tingling, weakness, or leg pain |
| Character of pain | Primarily in the back, with no signs of a serious underlying condition |
| Pain worsens | With twisting, stretching, lying down, or forward or backward bending |
| Pain relieved | By lying in fetal position |
| Age | Can occur at any age, but generally in younger, more physically active people |