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This is when you have a sudden and strong urge to pass urine. The urine comes out in a rush that you can't control. This can happen at any time. It happens when your bladder tightens (contracts) for no reason. It's sometimes called an "overactive" or "spastic" bladder.

There are lots of things that can make it difficult to get to the bathroom in time. For example, if you're in a wheelchair, you may not be able to get there in time. Or someone with Alzheimer's disease may not be able to think clearly enough to get to a bathroom in time. These types of problems often happen in older adults who live in nursing homes.

An infection in the tube that carries urine out of your bladder (your urethra) can sometimes cause incontinence. The incontinence should pass when your infection clears up. These kinds of infections are most common in children, especially girls, and need to be treated.

You may get incontinence because you're taking medication. This should pass when you stop taking the drug. If your medication is causing problems, see your doctor. He or she may be able to give you a different drug.¹

You may get more than one type of incontinence. The most common combination is stress incontinence and urge incontinence. This combination is called mixed incontinence.² It's important to get both types diagnosed, as they may need different treatments.

This information is for educational use only, and is not a substitute for prompt professional medical advice. Readers should always consult a physician or other professional for advice and treatment. ©BMJ Publishing Group Limited 2008. All rights reserved.