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Women who are having problems getting pregnant may be offered some or all of the following tests.

Measuring levels of progesterone during the second half of the menstrual cycle will show whether you've ovulated. This is because your progesterone levels rise after ovulation. You usually have a blood test seven days before the expected date of your period - day 21 in a 28-day cycle or day 28 in a 35-day cycle. It's important to get the timing right. If it's done at the wrong time, progesterone levels will be low anyway.

If you are over 35 (and sometimes if you're younger), your doctor may do a test on day 3 of your menstrual cycle called Day 3 FSH. FSH stands for follicle stimulating hormone. A normal value is less than 10. The FSH level will give an idea of how healthy your eggs are. If the value is 10 or more, you may be referred to a specialist in infertility.¹

If your hormones not be working properly (for example, you have irregular periods, extra hair growth, or a lot of weight around your abdomen) your doctor may order additional blood tests. One example is a thyroid level. You may also be referred to a specialist.¹

Men may be offered the following tests.

You'll be asked to provide a sample of your semen in a cup. You'll do this by masturbating either at the clinic or at home. If you're in a clinic, you should be given a private, lockable room. Doctors may provide magazines or encourage your partner to be with you.

If you masturbate at home, your sample will need to reach the laboratory for testing very quickly, preferably within 30 minutes of you producing it.¹ You will also have to keep it warm next to your body.

The doctor examines your semen under the microscope. He or she will check the number, shape and movement of sperm in the sample and also test the semen sample for any signs of infection.

If you have erection problems or ejaculation problems, you'll normally be referred to a specialized doctor called a urologist for further tests.

This information is for educational use only, and is not a substitute for prompt professional medical advice. Readers should always consult a physician or other professional for advice and treatment. ©BMJ Publishing Group Limited 2008. All rights reserved.