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If you have a bladder infection, you'll probably have a burning pain when you urinate. You might also need to urinate often and without warning.

Your urine might be a cloudy color and smell bad. It might contain blood. You might also have pain in your lower abdomen and discomfort during sex.

Your doctor may be able to diagnose a bladder infection over the phone. But if you have any unusual symptoms (such as a fever, pain in your side, nausea or vomiting) or you are at all worried, you should see your doctor.¹

Your doctor or nurse can do a simple test on a sample of your urine to check whether you have a bladder infection. The test will show if you have signs of an infection. Your urine might need further testing if your doctor wants to know what sort of bacteria is causing your infection. This can help your doctor decide what antibiotic you need.

An infection in your bladder can spread to your kidneys. This is a more serious infection and needs to be treated quickly. If you have any of the following symptoms, see your doctor right away:²

• High temperature
• Pain in your side
• Nausea and vomiting.

This information is for educational use only, and is not a substitute for prompt professional medical advice. Readers should always consult a physician or other professional for advice and treatment. ©BMJ Publishing Group Limited 2008. All rights reserved.