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    How to Prevent Ice Dams From Damaging Your Home

    When snow accumulates on a warm roof, it can wreak havoc inside and out

    ice dams along gutters of beige home with blue sky in background Photo: Getty Images

    If your shingle roof develops an unexpected leak this winter, ice dams may be the culprit. These ridges of ice can form at the edge of a roof and prevent snowmelt from draining off as it should. Ice dams are often caused by a combination of clogged gutters and an uninsulated attic.

    The heat of the sun and any warm air escaping through your roof melt snow on the upper parts of the roof. Because an ice dam sits over the unheated eaves, it doesn’t melt as fast as the snow higher up on the roof. Melted water pools above the dam and, over time, can back up under the roof shingles and seep through the sheathing and into your house. The problem becomes worse with clogged gutters because the melting water has even fewer places to escape. In addition to leaving you with water damage, ice dams can rip off gutters entirely and damage the roof itself.

    What to Do Immediately

    If you see water starting to pool on your floors or windowsills or leak from the ceiling, head outside and look at your roof. If you see ridges of ice below piles of snow, an ice dam may be the reason for the leaks.

    More on Winter

    Don’t try to remove the ice dam yourself. Few outdoor home repairs are as dangerous as working on a ladder resting against an icy gutter. The solution is to call a professional roofing contractor. They can remove excess snow from the roof and melt the ice that’s causing the backup.

    Climbing onto a slick and snowy roof without proper safety harnesses and precautions, regardless of the reason or conditions, isn’t a good idea. Hundreds of homeowners end up in emergency rooms each year after trying to remove ice dams on their own.

    The cost of professional removal depends on how large and accessible your ice dams are, but Home Advisor estimates the national average to remove an ice dam is about $1,200. Angi, formerly Angie’s List, says to expect to pay $150 to $700 per hour for the job, which can take 2 to 5 hours to complete.

    Before starting the project, make sure to check on what’s covered by your homeowners insurance policy. 

    Allstate Insurance notes that dwelling coverage will often cover the cost of repairs associated with ice dams, up to the limits specified in your policy. But personal property coverage may not cover damage to your belongings. In simple terms, insurance may cover repairs to plaster, drywall, flooring, and roofing. But if a leak destroys, say, your collection of rare baseball cards, you’re probably out of luck. Make sure to move any valuable personal items out of the way the minute you observe a leak.

    If your ceiling or walls have been damaged, don’t attempt any repairs until they dry out or until you’ve had a chance to talk with your insurance company. When considering any repairs, you’ll also want to address the heat-loss problem that caused the ice dam in the first place. 

    If You Need a New Roof

    See our review of the best roofing shingles and our full roofing ratings and buying guide.

    What to Do After the Snow Melts

    Once the weather warms up, you can take corrective action for next season. Even if a roofing contractor removes an ice dam over the winter, they’re really only addressing a symptom, not the cause of your problem.

    According to roofing experts, the best way to handle ice dams is to ventilate your attic and insulate between it and the living spaces of the house. This will minimize the temperature differential between the outside air and the air in your attic, which can cause dams to form. You may want to consult a weatherization contractor, who can help you find the areas of greatest heat loss and recommend how to fix them.

    The Department of Energy offers step-by-step instructions for do-it-yourselfers who want to tackle the job themselves. But if your house has a history of ice dams, or if you have ducts or recessed lighting fixtures that extend through the ceiling into the attic, you may want to leave the job to the pros.


    Paul Hope

    Paul Hope is a Home & DIY Editor at Consumer Reports and a trained chef. He covers ranges, cooktops, and wall ovens, as well as grills, drills, outdoor power tools, decking, and wood stains. Before joining CR in 2016, he tested kitchen products at Good Housekeeping and covered tools and remodeling for This Old House magazine. You’ll typically find him in his old fixer-upper, engrossed in a DIY project or trying out a new recipe.