As parents, as loved ones, and as patients ourselves, we are never more vulnerable as decision makers in a marketplace as we are when faced with health challenges and the consequences they carry. While modern medicine has brought us a once unimaginable range of scans, screens, and tests designed to pre-empt problems, sharpen diagnoses, and even save our lives, the volume and complexity of these options have made it more confusing to figure out the best course of action.

In fact, the ready availability of these options can sometimes make it feel as though forgoing tests is an irresponsible or risky choice—and, indeed, too few Americans are getting the preventive screenings that they should. But given the potential for unnecessary costs, procedural risks, and muddled or misleading results, the reality is that getting these decisions right can be more complicated than it may seem at first blush.

The key to better choices and outcomes in the doctor's office and hospital is having knowledge you can trust. That's why we're equipping you with vital information to know before you undergo any screening test, so you can make well-informed determinations about whether that CT scan, blood test, or electrocardiogram really is the right call. We also break down the details of 18 common tests, providing insight on when—and for whom—they may be the most and least appropriate.

While we can't offer you complete peace of mind when a health scare hits, we can provide the knowledge you need to navigate the complex world of medical tests, so you can make choices for yourself and your family with confidence.

Editor's Note: This article also appeared in the January 2019 issue of Consumer Reports magazine.