How to choose

DTV converter boxes

So far, every DTV converter box we've tested has been able to convert broadcast digital signals pulled in by our rooftop antenna into analog signals that an older TV can accept. We didn't find huge differences in performance among models. When supplied with a strong signal, all produced picture quality that was at least as good as a typical analog broadcast. Many of the models were better, with some approaching DVD quality. Audio quality was generally fine.

There's seemingly little relationship between price and picture quality. Some low-priced models were among the best for picture quality, while some higher-priced models produced images a step or two below that. But even boxes deemed to have picture quality that is only acceptable should satisfy many viewers, especially compared to analog broadcasts, which tend to be less crisp than digital broadcasts. With a lower-quality TV set, it might be hard to notice the differences in picture quality.

All the boxes we've tested also performed comparably in their ability to pull in digital stations to our Yonkers, N.Y., location and in lab tests designed to see how well they performed with progressively weaker signals. But the number of digital channels that will be available to you depends on several factors: the number of stations broadcasting digitally in your area and your ability to actually receive such channels at home. Reception is affected by the local terrain (mountains, trees, and tall buildings can obstruct signals) and the type of antenna you use. Given those variables, it would be very difficult for any set of lab tests to accurately predict what you'll experience at home. Some readers have reported difficulty in getting stations, but our tests suggest that it is likely to be more related to their location, antenna, or setup than the specific converter box they're using.

All things being equal, we suggest that you first choose among models with better-than-acceptable picture quality, and then find one with the features you want at a price you like. While all government-approved DTV converter boxes must have a standard set of basic features, some offer more, which could influence your choice.

When you go shopping, you'll find that most retailers have only a few models in stock, which limits your choice. Online retailers might have a wider selection. (You can find a list of approved online retailers and consumer electronic stores in your ZIP code at: www.dtv2009.gov/VendorSearch.aspx.) Note that you won't get your coupon back if you return a box, although the retailer might allow you to apply it toward another box. Check the retailer's policy before you make a purchase.

Keep in mind that you'll need to connect your box to an antenna designed to receive UHF and VHF signals. Rabbit ears with only two "arms" won't do the job because they're designed for VHF only, and the majority of digital stations operate in the UHF band. You don't have to spend a lot for an antenna. Indoor UHF/VHF antennas start at $20 or less. If you have no luck pulling in certain stations, try adjusting the antenna in various directions and moving it closer to a window. Use the signal-strength meter (found on many DTV boxes) to adjust the antenna to the optimal position. You may have to adjust it whenever you change channels if the stations' transmitters are in different locations. Still no luck? Try an amplified antenna or a signal booster. Last resort: a rooftop antenna. Again, don't think that you have to spend a bundle for a special "digital" or "HD" antenna. In our tests, we use a standard residential rooftop antenna that we've had in place for years.

For the best-quality picture and sound, we recommend that you use the composite-video connection, provided that your TV has one (older sets might not). Our tests indicate that you'll generally get a slightly better picture than if you use the single-cable antenna RF output. You will also get stereo audio by using the left/right audio jacks. We found that the RF output usually does not provide stereo audio and is slightly less clear then the stereo outputs. Some readers have complained about low volume, and we note a few models on which we found that the volume from the RF output was very muted.