Ad-free. Influence-free. Powered by consumers.
Skip to Main ContentThe payment for your account couldn't be processed or you've canceled your account with us.
Re-activateWhere did CR get the Orbit Infant Car Seats for its tests?
How were the seats tested?
How did the seats perform?
What does a CR "Don't Buy" Rating mean?
What has the manufacturer said?
How did CR handle the seat installation?
What has NHTSA said about CR's installation?
What have other experts said about CR's tests?
Why has CR decided not to run additional tests?
What are our testers' qualifications?
What's CR's experience testing car seats?
How did these tests differ from our 2007 car seat tests?
How did the seat perform in NHTSA's tests?
What does it mean to "pass" the government test?
Are there safe alternatives to this seat?
What should I do if I own the seat?
Are other Orbit Baby products safe?
Where did CR get the Orbit Infant Car Seats for its tests?
All of the Orbit Infant Car Seats used in our tests were bought anonymously by Consumer Reports at retail. Consistent with our policy, we do not rate samples provided by manufacturers. We pay for them the same way you do.
How were the seats tested?
Orbit Infant Car Seats were tested at an outside lab that specializes in car seat testing. The same lab is used by the National Highway Safety Traffic Administration (NHTSA) for car seat testing, and was used in the government's recent tests of the Orbit Infant Car Seats. It was also used by Orbit Baby for the manufacturer's seat tests.
Simulated crash tests of the rear-facing infant seats were closely supervised by our program manager of vehicle and child safety Jennifer Stockburger and automotive safety engineer Michelle Tsai, both of whom are engineers and certified Child Passenger Safety (CPS) technicians. Tests were overseen by the manager at the outside lab, who is also CPS certified, and conducted by other trained lab technicians.
These are the same tests that Consumer Reports routinely performs when evaluating car seats. We have a 37-year history of testing car seats and in the last year tested 31 seat models, including the Orbit seat (15 infant and 16 convertible car seats). (See What's CR's experience testing car seats?) We conducted the tests using the manufacturer's instructions on seat installation. And we were guided by specific standards for speed and impact crash simulations in the federal standard for child restraints (the Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard—FMVSS 213). Our crash tests simulated a head-on 30-mph crash and used a 22-pound CRABI dummy, which represents a 12-month-old child.
Three Orbit seats were tested using the Lower Anchors and Tethers for Children (LATCH) system to install the base. We also installed two seats using a 3-point (lap-and-shoulder) seat belt. And finally one seat was tested with just a lap belt.
How did the seats perform?
We saw failures with the Orbit Infant Car Seats in two out of six tests: Once when the car seat base was attached using the Lower Anchors and Tethers for Children (LATCH) system, and again in one of the instances when the base was installed with the 3-point (lap-and-shoulder) seat belt. We tested two seats as part of our normal test procedure. When one seat detached from its base, we purchased another four seats to see if the failure was reproducible – and we did see a second failure in one of the four seats.
The point of failure with the Orbit seat occurred when the carrier detached from its seat base in two test runs.
Based on those two failures, Consumer Reports rated the Orbit Infant System Don't Buy: Safety Risk.
What does a CR "Don't Buy" Rating mean?
Consumer Reports' tests are designed to help parents to make decisions about which car seats to buy. We test seats for crash protection, guided by minimum standards for speed and crash dynamics used in government tests. We also compare car seats in terms of how well they perform in areas such as "ease of use" and "fit to vehicle." We give car seats an overall Rating that tells you which seats may be a good value for your family. Don't Buy: Safety Risk is our strongest negative recommendation, and indicates our opinion that there is a serious safety risk. In this case, it means we don't recommend the Orbit Infant Car Seat.
Our view is that when it comes to safety, no test failure is acceptable—and that's especially so where child safety is concerned. Of the 15 infant seat models we have tested this year using in each case the same minimum standard, simulated frontal impact tests, and conducted in the same specialized lab, the Orbit Infant Car Seat was the only one of the samples we bought and tested that detached from its base.
Another reason the failures raise such serious concerns for us is that the tests run by Consumer Reports followed minimum standards for safety. We conducted simulated frontal crash tests at 30 mph, the speed required by government standards. But other safety tests go beyond those parameters. For example, when the government evaluates the crashworthiness of vehicles and assesses the effects of frontal impacts on adult passengers as part of the New Car Assessment Program (NCAP), it conducts crash tests at 35 mph. Though child seats are not normally included in NCAP car evaluations, when they have been, some child restraint recalls have been initiated based on seat failures in these tests even when those same seats met conditions of the minimum FMVSS 213 standard. Consumer Reports believes that seats with a sufficient safety margin should consistently pass tests run at the minimum standard for speed, and also perform well in tests conducted at slightly higher speeds seen in some real-world crashes.
Note that Consumer Reports' Don't Buy Rating doesn't necessarily mean that a seat has failed to comply with government safety standards. The manufacturer is responsible for testing to ensure its seats meet the government standards. And only the government can set those standards and confirm that a particular seat passes or fails. (See How did the seat perform in NHTSA's tests? and What does it mean to "pass" the government test?)
What has the manufacturer said?
We notified Orbit Baby, the manufacturer based in Newark, Calif., of our findings before we published the results and invited the company to review our test procedures and findings at our Yonkers headquarters. Following that review, Orbit Baby's chief executive officer, Joseph Hei, said in an e-mailed statement: "Orbit Baby has never received any report of a child being injured while in an Orbit baby seat. We do not believe the test results obtained by Consumers Union are indicative of the safety of our Infant Car seats. Our car seats are used by children, including our own, and safety is our top priority. We strongly believe in the quality of our product."
The company said that it had run extensive and regular compliance testing in the past in the same independent lab used by Consumer Reports, and that every seat had passed. It also said that upon being notified of our test results, it had conducted more tests at the same lab to see if they could replicate our findings, and found no failures.
How did CR handle the seat installation?
Orbit Baby has raised concerns about the way seats were installed in our tests, and suggested this may have led to our observed seat failures. We respectfully disagree with the manufacturer's suggestion that our tests were not properly conducted.
The manufacturer raised two specific concerns about our testing: The first has to do with the fact that we did not use the patented StrongArm mechanism when installing the base. The Orbit instructions say to turn the StrongArm knob to amplify your strength when tightening the seat belts that secure the base, and note that the belt has reached "the optimal tightness setting" when the seat base does not move more than one inch in any direction. The installation directions on the seat base direct as follows: "If the base moves more than 1 inch, turn the StrongArm clockwise or reinstall the Base according to the instruction manual." (See left.) In each of our tests, lab personnel checked to see that the base met the 1-inch movement criteria and was at "optimal" tightness without needing to use the StrongArm.FMVSS 213 also dictates a required tension range for the belts used to attach the seat base to the bench (12 to 15 lbs). Lab personnel installed the Orbit bases to meet that requirement as well, again without needing to use the StrongArm.
Some Orbit Infant System owners have commented on our blogs and said that they don't understand how we installed the base securely without using the StrongArm feature.
Based on the details outlined above, again we respectfully disagree with the manufacturer's claims that we didn't follow the instructions. We believe that installing the seat as described above should not cause the seat to fail a minimum standard test—and if it does, we think there's a problem with the seat.
Car-seat installation in the real world is not an exact science. Installation can vary from family to family, and car to car. And the top three installation issues for parents include choosing the correct harness position and tension and getting sufficient vehicle-belt tension. (See NHTSA's research on this issue.) Parents have a right to expect that seats will be engineered with enough margin of safety to accommodate some variations in installation. If a seat's ability to stay attached to its base depends upon parents using a middle slot instead of the higher slot for a child the size and weight of the 12 month CRABI dummy—when trained CPS technicians and lab personnel all used their best judgment to select the higher slot—we believe that seat doesn't meet the standards it should to protect a child.
What has NHTSA said about CR's installation?
Consumer Reports and Orbit Baby also shared their test results with the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), the federal agency that regulates car seat safety. The agency recently ran its own tests on the seat (See How did the Orbit Infant Car Seat perform in NHTSA's tests?). In a later update on their Web site, Orbit Baby reported that a letter to Consumers Union from NHTSA "…Confirmed that the magazine's original tests of the Infant Car Seat deviated from their official government's test procedures and were NOT configured correctly according to FMVSS 213". Orbit suggested this "improper test set up" contributed to what it called our "inconsistent results." We believe this characterization of NHTSA's comments about our tests is misleading and could be confusing for consumers.
In NHTSA's report on the research tests (not their letter to Consumers Union) the agency describes two ways in which our tests deviated from FMVSS 213. First it notes that for some of our tests we installed the Orbit Infant Car Seats using a 3 point (lap-and-shoulder) seat belt. Consumer Reports routinely performs crash tests using the 3-point belt configuration (in addition to the LATCH system and two-point lap belt required by FMVSS 213) because this belt system is featured on many newer cars. Second, NHTSA notes we did not use the StrongArm as instructed in the Orbit manual. As we've explained, our testers were able to achieve the required belt tension specified by the owner's manual and the FMVSS standards without needing to use the StrongArm. While it notes differences in protocol, NHTSA does not say that these deviations from their standards invalidate Consumer Reports' tests or our results.
In addition to regulating the protocol for performing FMVSS 213 tests, the government has recommended practices for contract laboratories such as the one used by Consumer Reports. For rear facing infant seats the agency recommends that the harness be placed through the slot at or below the level of the dummy's shoulder. In the case of the Orbit seat and 12 month old CRABI dummy, NHTSA's report on its research tests states that it believes the middle slot is the appropriate one. After noting that Consumer Reports placed the harness through the top slot, however, the agency concludes ".......use of the top slot is permitted by FMVSS No. 213."
Orbit has sharply criticized Consumer Reports' use of the top harness slot. An article on the company's Web site states: "Correct harness positioning has an especially large influence on crash testing results…. Improperly securing the test dummy allows it to accelerate upwards in a significant way, resulting in unpredictable test conditions." Again, while Consumer Reports' harness installation differed from NHTSA's, the agency clearly states that our installation is permitted and it does not question the validity of our tests.
Consumer Reports tests are designed to determine comparative performance in a variety of areas, including safety. We are guided by FMVSS 213 and follow specific standards for speed and impact in assessing performance around crash protection. But our tests are designed to allow us to assess comparative performance, and we don't claim to replicate the government's tests exactly or to follow all FMVSS 213 test protocols. As an example, the government tests in some areas that we simply don't cover (such as an Aircraft Passenger Seat Inversion Test). For more information, see How did the seat perform in NHTSA's tests?
What have other experts said about CR's tests?
Consumer Reports regularly confers with outside experts when developing tests. Before publication of our results in this case, our test findings were reviewed by an outside child-safety expert who has broad experience in child restraint crash testing.
Consumer Reports also commissioned an independent consultant to review our tests. Brian O'Neill, former president of the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety (IIHS), which runs its own large crash-test program, was given access to all Consumer Reports documents concerning the project. His report concludes, "After reviewing the Consumers Union reports of its tests of the Orbit Infant System, the response of the manufacturer, and the comments posted on the blogs I believe the CU warnings about this infant carrier are justified."
Read O'Neill's report and conclusions.
Why has CR decided not to run additional tests?
Consumer Reports has already done three rounds of testing on the Orbit Infant Car Seat. We initially tested two seats, and observed one failure. We conducted a second round of tests to see if the failure was reproducible and tested four additional seats, experienced a second failure (a total of two seat failures out of six tested seats). Finally, we purchased two more seats and tested their performance without the base to give owners of the Orbit seat a safer alternative installation.
After a detailed review, we believe our tests were performed correctly. And we have decided not to run additional tests at this time.
What are our testers' qualifications?
Consumer Reports child passenger safety staff members who closely supervised these tests are engineers and certified Child Passenger Safety technicians (CPS) trained in child restraint installation. As part of this certification, our experts have worked in the field helping parents to install their car seats, so they understand the nuances of seat installation in lab and real-world conditions. Tests were overseen by a CPS certified test manager and conducted by technicians at a lab that is certified to run car seat tests for the government, and also conducted seat tests for Orbit Baby. Many of our testers are also parents who regularly move their own child seats from one test car to another.
We take proper car seat installation very seriously. CU has been a vocal advocate for following proper seat installation for many years. In all reports that touch on child safety related to cars, we encourage parents to read and carefully follow instruction manuals. We've also suggested that parents make sure that their car seats are properly installed at child seat checkpoints. Find the one nearest to you.
Our work in this area has taught us how challenging car seat instructions can be for parents to follow and we draw on our experiences to push for improvements. We've actively promoted labeling clarity and ease of use for car seat manuals and instructions. We recently submitted comments on this topic to NHTSA (August 2007), to assist them in developing guidelines for universal symbols used in car seat and vehicle instructions. Our comments specifically addressed improved labeling and education regarding top-tether usage, LATCH improvements, and improved prominence for labels that identify LATCH hardware in the cars.
What's CR's experience testing car seats?
Consumer Reports has a long history of testing infant car seats, beginning with crash-tests run for the magazine's August 1972 issue: We rated 12 out of 15 of them Not Acceptable.
Between 1972 and 1977, Consumer Reports tested child seats four times, making it the only publication then regularly crash-testing safety seats and reporting the results to consumers and the government. The day after we released our 1974 report, the government proposed a stronger child-restraint amendment and as of January 1, 1981, all manufacturers of child safety seats had to certify that their seats would pass a rigorous crash test.
Today we continue to test child safety seats in order to help consumers to make educated decisions about which car seats to choose for their children. Simulated crash tests not only provide a "check" that seats are meeting the minimum requirements of the standard as child seats are self-certified by their manufacturers but their performance in those tests help us to rank those that reduce a child's potential for injury better than others. Our testing also includes significant information relative to the seat's Ease-of-Use and Fit-to-Vehicle assessments. Our CPS technicians and safety experts regularly provide comments to the government on proposals for new standards.
How did these tests differ from our 2007 "side impact" car seat tests?
In this 2007 case, a series of misjudgments and a key misunderstanding between Consumer Reports and an outside lab led to the publication of erroneous crash test data for a batch of infant car seats. Our report was withdrawn just 14 days after it was first published, when evidence first surfaced that it was flawed. (See How Our Car Seat Tests Went Wrong.)
These recent tests differed significantly from the flawed tests we reported on in 2007. Those tests evaluated seats in conditions exceeding the minimum standards recommended by FMVSS 213, both in speed and in crash orientation. In 2007, in addition to frontal crash tests, we ran side impact crash tests which is where the test flaws occurred. Our 2009 tests of Orbit Infant Car Seats were in conditions based on the current minimum federal standards for sale of seats, which specify no more than a 30-mph speed and are confined to frontal impact.
After the 2007 tests we took a number of steps to prevent car seat testing errors from happening again, all of which benefited the 2009 tests which included the Orbit Infant Car Seat. These 2009 tests involved much closer interaction with the test lab in coordinating test procedures and conditions, and a review of all data by an independent industry expert. All tests were overseen by trained CPS technicians. And when we discovered failures, as already noted, we ensured that we had the ability to repeat failure modes using additional samples. Finally, before we published our Don't Buy Rating, we also shared all of our data with the manufacturer and asked for its comments and response.
How did the seat perform in NHTSA's tests
Consumer Reports and Orbit Baby had each shared the results of our respective crash tests with NHTSA and asked the agency to review the matter. As we reported last week, in a letter to Consumers Union NHTSA said that the agency had run two subsequent rounds of tests. The first round of compliance tests took place at the same outside lab used by Consumer Reports and Orbit. Tests followed the standards for 30-mph simulated crashes required by FMVSS 213. None of the four seats tested for compliance detached from their bases. The agency's compliance-test report concludes that the Orbit Infant Car Seat "met or exceeded" the standard safety requirement.
As part of its continuing research, the agency later ran a second round of tests in the same outside lab replicating Consumer Reports' test configurations and installation methods. Again, none of the four seats used for that research test detached from their bases. The agency said that it had also reviewed its database for safety related incidents associated with the seat, and had not found any consumer complaints concerning safety issues. (See the agency's report on its research tests.) It determined that "no further action is currently warranted" and said that it will continue to monitor the Orbit Infant Car Seat and include it in its annual compliance test program.
What does it mean to "pass" the government test?
To meet the government standards, car seats must perform at or below certain required thresholds. For example, car seats must perform so that the test dummy registers data below allowable maximums (for head and chest injury criteria and that the seat does not exceed allowable maximums for back angle (rear facing).
The program relies on self-certification—that is, manufacturers independently perform these tests and are responsible for making sure that they are in compliance with the regulations. NHTSA runs its own tests on a sub-set sample of seats from the market each year to confirm manufacturers' reported results, but does not test all seats every year.
In this case, the "pass" finding means that the Orbit Infant Car Seat met or exceeded the government safety requirements.
Are there safe alternatives to this seat?
For those in search of an alternative stroller system, Consumer Reports recommends the Graco Stylus Travel System 7U02GA03 ($245). It passed all of our tests and was named a Best Buy.
We want to respond to people on our blogs who asked whether we were paid by Graco to promote their seats. We pride ourselves on being an independent and objective organization, and our recommendations are based solely on our testing. We don't accept fees or free samples from any manufacturer and we don't accept advertising.
What should I do if I own the seat?
For those who already own an Orbit Infant System, we recommend that you strap the infant carrier directly into the back seat of the vehicle, without the car seat base. We tested the seat in this configuration to see if it offered a safer alternative for seat owners—and based on our result, this arrangement is safe. Correctly installed this way, the infant carrier passed our tests when it was secured using either a two-point (lap) belt or a three-point (lap and shoulder) belt. Obviously this makes the product somewhat less convenient to use.
Used as a stroller, separate tests have also shown the Orbit Infant System to be perfectly safe.
Are other Orbit products safe?
We have tested other Orbit products and found them to be safe. Last year we evaluated the Orbit Toddler System, which is tested in the same base with a larger 3-year-old dummy and similar speed and attachment protocols (no StrongArm) and had no issues. The Orbit Infant System also performs well in its capacity as a stroller.
Build & Buy Car Buying Service
Save thousands off MSRP with upfront dealer pricing information and a transparent car buying experience.
Get Ratings on the go and compare
while you shop
