Take These Steps for Safe Swimming

If you or your child comes down with a case of diarrhea after visiting a swimming pool, the culprit could be a parasite called cryptosporidiosis, or crypto for short. Crypto is a common cause of swimming-related illness, and outbreaks are on the rise. The new CDC report found that crypto caused 89 percent of the illnesses linked to waterborne outbreaks from pools, hot tubs, and water playgrounds.

Avoiding sunburn is key to staying safe in the summer. The sun can damage your skin in as little as 15 minutes, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. UVB rays cause sunburn; UVA rays tan and age your skin. Both contribute to skin cancer, the most common form of cancer in the U.S.

How to Prevent It
• Apply sunscreen early and often. Put sunscreen on at least 15 minutes before you go outside. Shake it before you use it, and reapply regularly—at least every 2 hours, and anytime after you’ve been swimming or sweating.
• Seek shade. Try to stay in the shade during the sunniest part of the day if you can, from 10 a.m. to 4 p.m.
• Cover up. Sunscreen is just one part of a sun-protection strategy, says Nichole Steffens, aquatic product manager for the American Red Cross. Wear a hat and periodically put on clothing that covers your skin.

Last year, the USA Swimming Foundation reported a 5 to 10 percent improvement in overall swimming ability among U.S. children, but it's still important to note that 64 percent of African-American children, 45 percent of Hispanic children, and 40 percent of Caucasian children can't swim or can't swim well.

"Swimming lessons alone do not prevent drowning,” says Candice Dye, M.D., an assistant professor in the department of pediatrics at the University of Alabama at Birmingham.

Taking swimming lessons can reduce the risk of drowning, but it doesn’t eliminate it. Anyone can become overwhelmed or exhausted in the water.

And drowning is quick and quiet, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. There’s usually no splashing or yelling like in the movies.

That means parents and caregivers need to pay careful attention when kids are swimming, but that’s becoming more difficult with the prevalence of distractions like smartphones, says William Ramos, Ph.D., a professor in the School of Public Health and director of the Aquatic Institute at Indiana University Bloomington.

Drowning kills about 10 people each day in the U.S. and is a leading cause of death among young children, according to the CDC.

How to Prevent It
• Stay close. Children, as well as people who can’t swim or are weak swimmers, should be within an arm’s reach of an adult in case something goes wrong. And even strong swimmers and adults shouldn’t swim alone, says Nicole Steffans, aquatic products manager for the American Red Cross.
• Learn CPR. Anyone watching over swimmers—parents, grandparents, babysitters, neighbors—should know how to perform CPR. (You can find a CPR certification class near you here.)
• Wear a life jacket. Weak swimmers or people who can’t swim should wear a U.S. Coast Guard approved life jacket in or around water. Arm floaties for kids and floating pool toys aren’t sufficient, Steffans says. And anyone who goes boating should wear a life vest.
• Fence it in. Swimming pool in your backyard? You should install a fence to separate it from the house or the rest of the yard so that children can’t get to the pool when you’re not watching. The gate should lock or latch automatically.
• Don't fight a rip current. If you’re swimming at the beach and find yourself caught in a rip current, don’t swim directly toward the shore, or you’ll risk exhausting yourself. The National Ocean Service advises swimming parallel to the shore until you’re out of the current, then swimming back to the shore at an angle. 

This ear infection is distinct from a typical middle-ear infection. It’s an outer-ear infection that’s triggered when contaminated water gets trapped in the ear canal. Swimming “produces this great environment for bacteria to have a heyday,” says Candice Dye, M.D., an assistant professor in the department of pediatrics at the University of Alabama at Birmingham.

Symptoms include itchiness inside the ear, redness or swelling, pain if the ear is tugged or pressed on, and pus that drains from the ear. (If you or your child get it, visit your doctor, who may prescribe antibiotic ear drops.)

How to Prevent It
• Protect your ears. Keep ears dry if you can, using a swim cap or silicone ear plugs (not wax).
• Remove water after a swim. Dry your ears with a towel after swimming. If you have water in an ear, tilt your head downward and pull your ear in different directions to coax water out.
• Try ear drops. Over-the-counter ear drops meant to dry out your ears can also help, Dye says, if you haven’t been able to get the water out of your ears. Ask your doctor to recommend a brand.

Each year it’s common to see one or two headlines about people who contract the brain-eating amoeba naegleria fowleri, which can grow in warm freshwater bodies, such as lakes, ponds, hot springs, and poorly maintained swimming pools. The amoeba can cause a disease of the central nervous system called primary amebic meningoencephalitis, which is nearly always fatal.

The good news is that naegleria infections are rare. Between 2006 and 2015, there were only 37 reported cases in the U.S., according to the CDC. And the amoeba won’t harm you if you swallow contaminated water; it’s dangerous only if you get it up your nose.

Naegleria infections are so uncommon that scientists haven’t been able to make definitive research-based recommendations about how to avoid it. Still, the CDC offers some common-sense tips for reducing the likelihood that you’ll expose yourself to naegleria.

How to Prevent It
• Keep your head up. Avoid putting your head underwater in bodies of warm freshwater, such as a lake or hot spring.
• Plug your nose. If you do jump in or swim underwater, pinch your nose or use a nose clip.
• Stay out of the mud. Try not to stir or dig up sediment in warm freshwater areas.