Bike Buying Guide

There are several types of bicycles—far more than we’re discussing here—including single-speed cruiser bikes for the street and knobby-tired BMX bikes for kids.

We’ve focused on a broad, straightforward mix. We’ve included increasingly popular e-bikes, but note that they come in a wide range of styles as well. Any type of bicycle can be boosted by a rechargeable battery pack and a motor that helps propel you along. (Read our e-bike buying guide.)

In terms of your buying decision, e-bike or not, you’ll want to think about the kind of riding you do and on which sort of terrain. We break down which bike is right for each application. (We’ve also tested indoor bikes for exercise and thought a lot about which features senior indoor cyclists should look for, too.) 

E-bikes, or electric bikes, have a battery and a motor. They can have hub motors that drive the rear or front wheel, or the motor can reside within the crank, meaning it helps you turn the pedals directly rather than turning one of the wheels. Before buying an e-bike, check your state’s regulations at People for Bikes, an advocacy organization. Hub motors, especially at the front wheel, can affect steering. As we recommend in the “How to Buy a Bike” section, for e-bikes especially, going to a shop to try one is important because the sensation of riding an electrically propelled one takes getting used to.

One advantage of most e-bikes is that both safety and convenience features can be more easily baked in. For instance, lights are sometimes available right from the factory, with wiring neatly integrated into the frame. Both front and rear lights are usually powered by the main battery, unlike with a conventional bicycle, where each light requires recharging, which can be easy to forget to do, especially after a tiring ride.

Thanks to the electric assist an e-bike provides, adding features like fenders, racks, and panniers can be an easy decision without worrying whether your leg strength can keep pace with your ambitions. This makes a bicycle more inviting as an alternative transportation option because it’s easier to carry cargo, such as groceries or work gear.

However—and this is very important, electric bikes are far heavier than bikes that don’t have batteries and motors. How heavy? They can easily weigh 50 to 70 pounds compared with about 17 to 30 pounds for a conventional bike, depending on the type. If you plan to use a car-mounted rack to take an e-bike to a path or park, we recommend using a receiver-mounted rack on the back of your vehicle rather than a roof rack. (Check with the rack’s manufacturer to make sure the rack can accommodate the bike’s weight.) Hoisting the weight of an e-bike overhead to put it on a roof rack can hurt you or damage your car if you lose control while lifting it to the top of the vehicle. Racks that are mounted to a receiver hitch at below-bumper height make this process easier and far less hazardous. (See our picks for best bike racks.)

Pros: Electric bikes allow more people to ride. They’re especially inviting if you live anywhere with hills that make getting from point A to point B a serious challenge.

Cons: E-bikes are relatively heavy, and they can be difficult to transport on a car’s roof rack. And you should be wary of buying online from a brand that just appeared overnight.

Back-saving tip: If you’re putting an e-bike on a hitch-mounted platform rack on a car, don’t lift the whole bike. Instead, first lift the bike’s front wheel onto the bike tray, roll that forward, then lift the rear wheel; secure both using the engagement mechanism. That way, you’re never pulling up the entire bike. Unload by reversing this process, using your legs to lift and not your back. Want it to go even more smoothly? Remove the battery from the bike first and stow it in your car. This is also a theft deterrent because an electric bike sans battery is a very heavy, slow machine that’s essentially useless to a thief. And the battery itself could be worth about $500.

Take the time to consider the type of riding you plan to do and the surfaces you’ll be riding on.

Comfort Bikes
These are for leisurely, recreational riding on pavement and smooth dirt paths. They have high handlebars, some have shock absorbers in the seat or fork (or both), and they frequently have wider seats and meatier grips for your hands.

Pros: Creature comforts include an upright riding position and a softer ride. But comfort bikes can be relatively heavy, so you’ll want one with gears that allow easier uphill pedaling. Comfort bikes often cost less than other types.

Cons: Because of weight as well as the riding position, slow-speed maneuvering can be difficult, and comfort bikes might make for hard pedaling on hilly terrain. And if you’re riding on loose gravel or more challenging terrain, they can’t compete with a mountain bike’s rigid construction, suspension, and wide, knobby tires.

Road Bikes and Gravel Bikes
These bikes are for riders who want to go fast or log serious mileage, including multiday touring. The term “gravel bike” is sort of a catchall term referring to a road-bike-style frame but with a more relaxed geometry, so the rider sits more upright, and with tires that are wider than those on a road-racing bike but narrower than the ones that come on mountain bikes. For this reason, they’re easier to ride on any road and most trails, too.

The additional benefit of the more upright geometry—as opposed to the lower, bent forward position on a road bike—is comfort. That, along with the broader range of where you can ride, has led to gravel bike sales eclipsing those of traditional, skinny-tire road bikes. They aren’t the tool of choice for wooded trails better suited for a mountain bike. But if you live where a lot of bike paths aren’t paved, a gravel bike’s beefier frame and fork, and wider, grippier tires will help it tackle dirt roads or pothole-strewn pavement much more easily than a road bike.

Pros: Avid cyclists and tourers want the lighter weight, aerodynamic design, and performance characteristics. Road bikes can be used on rail trails and packed gravel, while gravel bikes can take you off-road onto fire trails and wider wooded trails.

Cons: Some riders might not feel comfortable bending that low, even with the somewhat higher handlebars and more relaxed geometry of gravel bikes. They aren’t meant for rugged single-track trails.

Your level of activity may call for a mountain or fitness bike.

Mountain Bikes
These are designed to stand up to rugged trails. They have wide, knobby tires, a narrow or moderate-width saddle, and flat or riser handlebars. They come in two main configurations: hardtail and full-suspension. Because hardtails have only a front suspension fork and no rear shock, they’re usually lighter, climb hills more easily, and are a bit simpler. The addition of a rear shock gives full-suspension mountain bikes the ability to bomb down rough terrain with better control. Years ago, almost all mountain bikes had 26-inch wheels; these days, most come with 27.5- or 29-inch wheels and tires and have tires that range from 2 to 3 inches (50 to 76 mm) in width. These larger wheels make it easier to ride over roots, rocks, and other obstacles, though they add weight.

Pros: Durable, absorbs impacts and vibration well, excellent off-road handling.

Cons: Even expensive carbon fiber bikes can be heavy, making it challenging to ride up steep trails. You may need a bigger bike rack to carry models with the widest tires.

Fitness Bikes
These bikes blend some of the geometry of a road or gravel frame, but they swap the drop handlebar for the horizontal one you’d find on a mountain bike. They might have thin tires geared toward on-road riding or fatter ones for gravel and rail trails. Either way, that handlebar switch puts the rider in a more upright riding position. This is also a very common layout for almost every kind of e-bike manufacturer to sell because it’s relatively comfortable for so many ages, fitness levels, and body types. It’s especially handy for daily short-haul commuting.

Pros: Fitness bikes are more comfortable than road bikes and typically cost much less. They can be good for commuting to work, or, as the name would imply, for lighter-level workouts.

Cons: Less aerodynamic and performance-oriented than a road bike, and slightly heavier.

Folding Bikes
Although they come in a wide variety of sizes, shapes, and styles, folding bikes probably fit most neatly next to the commuter bike category. Depending on the model, they can also fit neatly in the trunk of your car or in the luggage compartment of a commuter train. Typically, though, these practical bikes feature a frame that folds in half, and—on many models—smaller wheels and folding handlebars and pedals. Not all folding bikes are created equal, so you should make sure the model you’re looking into buying has what you need. Because features vary so widely in this category, you’re just as likely to find a folding bike with fatter tires (better for bumps) and a wide, plush seat as you are to find one that keeps parts small and lightweight to aid portability. There are also models that have electric assist for those who want to avoid getting sweaty pedaling.

Pros: If you need to carry your bicycle in a car and don’t have or want a bike rack, the right folding bike will probably stow in your trunk, along with a lot of other stuff. Folding bikes also tend to be easier to carry. They can often be taken on buses and trains, and they can be stored in small apartments and other places with limited space. After all, if you need to get around quickly and don’t want to walk, drive, or take a bus, having a folding bike is better than having no bike at all.

Cons: Lighter-weight models that pack down smaller and are easier to stow and carry also tend not to ride as smoothly as larger, heavier bikes with thicker, more sturdy frames and bigger wheels and tires for absorbing bumps. Electric assist, while helpful in the pedaling department, also adds a significant amount of weight, making the bike more difficult to lift and carry.

Don’t rush to get just any bicycle. Take the time to find one that fits you well and meets your long-term needs.

The number of bike brands has ballooned along with increased demand. You may be familiar with name brands such as Giant, Specialized, and Trek. Some new companies may be unfamiliar to you, but they have strong businesses, innovative products, and good customer support. These brands, such as BMC, Cannondale, Felt, Marin, Santa Cruz, Scott, and Salsa, are usually sold through dedicated bicycle retailers.

But be leery of internet bike brands that might not be there tomorrow to offer customer support. Diligence is warranted when buying from an online retailer, although there are reputable brands such as Canyon.

We’re also not bullish on bikes sold through big-box stores. The salespeople are seldom experts in bicycles, let alone assembly and repairs, and you might wind up spending any money you saved trying to get a budget bike to work at all—or upgrading later.

Many smaller bike retailers won’t even service models sold from big-box retailers because the quality may be poor, and they may not want to assemble or service a model that you buy from an online retailer. It’s best to check with your local bike shop to confirm they will service a bike you buy online or at a big-box retailer.

And finally, the market for e-bikes continues to grow. Their rechargeable batteries are typically the single most expensive component, and frequently both the battery and the way it connects to the bike are proprietary. There’s no standardized-size AA battery equivalent that you can just pop into the bike. A spokesperson for Specialized told us that they expect their e-bike batteries to last between five and 10 years for most bike owners. But if a battery dies prematurely and you bought your bike from a brand that doesn’t have a dealer support network, the company might not be there to sell you a replacement, rendering your bicycle worthless.

We always recommend test-riding locally before buying. You should get a sense of how the bike feels, brakes, and shifts. (A dealer can customize the fit for you.) Some will also let you rent either an electric bike or a conventional one, giving you a chance for an extended ride on the road or trail you plan to frequent. Even if it’s not identical to the model you want to purchase, renting will let you gain additional seat time to settle on the style of machine you’re after.

Once you’ve selected a bike, remember that it can be—and should be—further customized. The grips or bar tape, the pedals, and especially the saddle are your points of contact and control. Your hands, feet, and butt have to fit comfortably, and all of these can be adjusted for you—for instance, with a new stem to lift the bars closer to your torso. A dealer can also add features that might not come with a bike, such as a bell, lights, or a rack. And some bikes don’t come with pedals, allowing riders to choose their own.

If you haven’t purchased a new bike in a while, you might be in for some sticker shock. Bicycles can be a relatively big-ticket item, and yes, there are buy-now, pay-later options. These vary in how they work. A large finance company, Affirm, offers 0 percent options, but it can also charge interest between 10 and 30 percent. Klarna is a similar competitor, and it is more likely to offer a “pay in four” plan that has 0 percent interest on a four-month loan. How do these banks make a cent on zero-interest loans? Simple: Merchants or exercise bike brands like Peloton, which has zero-interest loans through Affirm, are fronting the finance charges because moving inventory is more valuable to them than making a few extra bucks from the financing.

Our advice is to consider the possible high interest rates, and do careful homework well in advance of signing up for any buy-now, pay-later plan. 

We can’t stress enough that you should wear a helmet. It’s the single most important measure you can take to prevent serious injury or death while riding a bicycle. Special cycling shoes and cleats, or aftermarket flat pedals with small, adjustable pins that add grip, can ease your pedaling, too. Gloves will absorb vibration and help to protect your hands in a spill. Polycarbonate glasses can shield your eyes from bugs and errant pebbles. A water bottle is handy to have on long, hot-weather rides, too. And high-visibility clothing can help others see you. Our guide to bike riding safety also covers why you should add USB-rechargeable lights for greater visibility—and how to ride to ensure both comfort and safety.

You usually have some choice in choosing bike features to customize your ride. A bike shop may swap certain components at little or no cost, but it’s important to factor this into your overall budget so you’ll have some funds left over after purchasing the bike for upgrades. Adding a bell, a taillight, or a padded seat cover is quick and easy, and the shop is likely to install it at no extra charge. But getting a new seat or stem can cost from $30 to well over $200 for the part alone, before you add in the cost for the shop to install it. 

Dropper seat posts have become quite common on full-suspension mountain bikes. The setup gives the rider the ability to lower the bike’s seatpost on the fly with the press of a remote button on the handlebar (and raise it back up just as quickly). This makes it much easier to lower your center of gravity and move your body rearward and down over the rear tire, giving better control and confidence when negotiating steep or rough downhill sections. It’s a worthy upgrade, with many setups costing between $100 and $200, although high-end models are far pricier. Keep in mind that a dropper seat post typically adds weight over a regular seatpost, as well as complexity. It’s one more component that could fail or break during a crash. 

Many mountain bikes now come with tubeless tires, and many mid- to high-level road bikes also feature this technology. Instead of a rubber tube inside the tire, tubeless tires use a liquid sealant that can instantly plug tiny punctures as they occur. The upsides are far fewer flat tires, as well as the ability to run lower tire pressures, which aid grip, handling, and comfort. The downsides are that tubeless tires require more attention (sealant needs to be added every few months), they’re messier to deal with, and they often require an air compressor or high-volume air pump to seat/seal the tire to the rim when being installed.

Protect your investment and your ride home with a high-quality bike lock. See our ratings for the best bike locks.